Dù mới học lớp 10 nhưng hai cậu học trò nhỏ đã làm nhiều người bất ngờ khi nghiên cứu, chế tạo thành công thiết bị quan sát hạt phóng xạ. Hai cậu học trò có tài năng mà không đợi tuổi này là Phạm Trần Bảo Khang và Nguyễn Thanh Hải đều là học sinh lớp 10 của trường THPT Đơn Dương (Lâm Đồng).
Theo chia sẻ của Khang và Hải thì từ nhỏ hai em đã có niềm đam mê nghiên cứu khoa học. Đặc biệt là rất tò mò với các câu chuyện từ thời Trung cổ khi mà nhà giả kim thuật cố gắng tạo ra các kim loại quý, nhưng đối với họ khi đó là bất khả thi. Từ đó, Khang và Hải, suy nghĩ không biết với khoa học kỹ thuật như ngày nay có thực hiện thành công được hay không. Sau đó, hai em bắt tay vào nghiên cứu, kết quả chế tạo thành công thiết bị quan sát chuyển động của các hạt phóng xạ.
Hai cậu học trò bắt đầu tìm hiểu về các loại hạt vi mô trên trái đất với mong muốn được quan sát tận mắt chuyển động thực tế của những hạt đầy bí ẩn này.
Đầu tiên, Khang và Hải đọc lý thuyết để hiểu rõ nguyên lý hoạt động của nó, rồi sau đó mới bắt tay vào việc chế tạo ra dụng cụ phù hợp. Hai em đã dùng các nguyên vật liệu đơn giản như: hộp nhựa,giấy bạc, đĩa nhôm, dải mút, cồn 90 độ, đèn pin. Tuy nhiên, do thiếu kinh nghiệm nên nghiên cứu của Khang và Hải thất bại. Nhờ sự hướng dẫn của cô Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nga, giáo viên Vật lý hai em đã biết mình sai ở chỗ nào.
Cô Thanh Nga cho biết, “Do những kiến thức về phóng xạ chỉ có ở chương trình lớp 12 mà Khang và Hải chỉ mới học lớp 10 nên đòi hỏi các em phải dành nhiều công sức để đọc và nghiên cứu. Bên cạnh đó, hai em cũng lên mạng, phòng thí nghiệm của trường và cả phòng thí nghiệm tại Trung tâm Đào tạo của Viện Nghiên cứu hạt nhân Đà Lạt đọc để thực hiện cho bằng được ước mơ của mình”.
Nói về điều này Khang cho biết: “ Lúc đầu, khi bắt tay vào làm hai em không biết có thực hiện được không. Ý tưởng này luôn ám ảnh trong đầu hai em, có những lúc khi ngủ em cũng mơ thấy chúng”.
Hai em cũng cho biết thêm, khó khăn lớn nhất để thực hiện là tại địa phương mình ở không có đá khô nên phải đặt mua từ TP. Hồ Chí Minh. Trong lúc chờ đá khô, hai em chủ yếu quan sát từ các hiện tượng tự nhiên như đất, đá.
Tuy nhiên nhiều lần các thiết bị đều bị lỗi. Lúc thì chưa chính xác, lúc thì thiếu này, cái kia và phải làm lại từ đầu. Mặc dù vậy hai cậu học trò nhỏ vẫn không nản ngược lại có lấy đó làm kinh nghiệm cho lần sau. Hai em còn nhờ nguồn phóng xạ từ Viện Hạt nhân Đà Lạt cung cấp. Về điều này cô Nga chia sẻ, “Mỗi lần Khang và Hải vào thử nghiệm là tôi rất hồi hộp. Vì nguồn phóng xạ không nhiều, phải nhờ viện, mà khi tiếp xúc nhiều với chất phóng xạ sẽ không tốt cho sức khỏe các em”.
Sau 7 tháng miệt mài nghiên cứu, đề tài của các em đã hoàn thiện và vận hành trơn tru. Được biết, thiết bị này khá gọn với ba phần chính: một hộp nhựa dán băng keo đen mặt trong, phía dưới là khoảng trống, một môtơ điện cỡ nhỏ có dây nối có thể tháo rời và một hộp nhựa nhỏ có lỗ vừa đưa ống bơm tiêm vào.
Giải thích thêm Hải cho biết, thiết bị quan sát chuyển động của các hạt phóng xạ này khá đơn giản. “Dưới tác dụng làm lạnh của đá khô được đặt phía dưới và bên ngoài tiếp xúc với tấm kim loại của hộp thí nghiệm. Khi đó, hơi cồn bên trong hộp di chuyển xuống và được làm lạnh đến khi đạt trạng thái bão hòa. Các hạt anpha beta chuyển động xuyên qua môi trường hơi cồn bão hòa này sẽ sinh ra các hạt ion dương và ion âm. Các hạt này sẽ tạo thành các tâm ngưng tụ và tạo thành một vệt khi rọi ánh sáng vào. Và chúng ta có thể dễ dáng quan sát được đường đi của các hạt tia phóng xạ di chuyển tạo ra”.
Được biết, nếu thiết bị này mua từ Nhật về sẽ có giá khoảng 60 USD còn sản phẩm của hai “nhà khoa học trẻ” này chỉ 150.000 đồng. Bên cạnh đó đề tài “Chế tạo thiết bị quan sát chuyển động của các hạt phóng xạ” của Khang và Hải đã xuất sắc nhận được hai giải thưởng trong cuộc thi Khoa học kỹ thuật cấp quốc gia dành cho học sinh trung học năm 2015.
Ông Nguyễn Xuân Hải, Giám đốc Trung tâm đào tạo (Viện Nghiên cứu hạt nhân) cho biết: “Ở góc độ chuyên môn, tôi đánh giá cao kết quả đạt được của hai em khi đã lặp lại được thí nghiệm, tự chế tạo thiết bị mới bằng các vật liệu rẻ tiền có sẵn trên thị trường Việt Nam. Hai em đã sáng tạo tìm tòi vật liệu phóng xạ để thay cho nguồn phóng xạ. Hai em đã mở ra khả năng chế tạo thiết bị giảng dạy trực quan sinh động, rẻ tiền dùng cho quan sát chuyển động của các tia phóng xạ hoặc hạt mang điện”
Hy vọng, với niềm đam mê sáng tạo khoa học, Khang và Hải sẽ tiếp tục phát minh ra những sản phẩm ứng dụng độc ứng dụng được vào đời sống.
Theo Đặng Thanh (dẫn nguồn từ YAN news)
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